1. Mayelana nokwakhiwa kwamashubhu esampula egciwane
Amashubhu amasampula egciwane awemikhiqizo yensiza yezokwelapha.Abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya babhaliswe ngokwemikhiqizo yezinga lokuqala, futhi izinkampani ezimbalwa ezibhalisiwe ngokwemikhiqizo yezinga lesibili.Muva nje, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphuthumayo zase-Wuhan nezinye izindawo, izinkampani eziningi zithathe “isiteshi sezimo eziphuthumayo” “Faka isicelo semvume yerekhodi yezinga lokuqala.Ishubhu lesampula legciwane lakhiwe i-swab yesampula, isixazululo sokulondoloza igciwane kanye nokupakishwa kwangaphandle.Njengoba lingekho izinga elihlanganisiwe likazwelonke noma izinga lemboni, imikhiqizo yabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene iyahluka kakhulu.
1. I-swab yesampula: I-swab yesampula ithintana ngqo nesayithi lamasampula, futhi impahla yekhanda lamasampula ihlobene eduze nokutholwa okulandelayo.Ikhanda lesampula le-swab kufanele lenziwe nge-Polyester (PE) i-synthetic fiber noma i-Rayon (i-fiber eyenziwe ngumuntu).Isipontshi se-calcium alginate noma ama-swabs stick stick (kuhlanganise nezinti ze-bamboo) azikwazi ukusetshenziswa, futhi impahla yekhanda le-swab ayikwazi ukuba imikhiqizo kakotini.Ngenxa yokuthi i-cotton fiber ine-adsorption eqinile yamaprotheni, akulula ukuthungatha kwisixazululo esilandelayo sokugcina;futhi lapho induku yokhuni noma induku yoqalo equkethe i-calcium alginate kanye nezingxenye zokhuni iphukile, ukucwiliswa esixazululweni sesitoreji nakho kuzokhanga amaprotheni, futhi ngeke kuvimbele ukusabela kwe-PCR okulandelayo.Kunconywa ukusebenzisa imicu yokwenziwa efana ne-PE fibre, i-polyester fiber kanye ne-polypropylene fiber yezinto zekhanda le-swab.Imicu yemvelo efana ukotini ayinconywa.Imicu yenayiloni nayo ayinconywa ngoba imicu inayiloni (efana namakhanda esixubho) imunca amanzi.Kubi, okuholela kuvolumu yesampula enganele, okuthinta izinga lokutholwa.Isiponji se-calcium alginate asivunyelwe ukusampula impahla ye-swab!Isibambo seswab sinezinhlobo ezimbili: ephukile nesakhelwe ngaphakathi.I-swab ephukile ifakwe ku-tube yokugcina ngemva kwesampula, futhi i-tube cap iphukile ngemva kokuphulwa endaweni eduze kwekhanda lesampula;i-swab eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ibeka ngokuqondile i-swab yesampula kushubhu yokugcina ngemva kwesampula, futhi ikhava yeshubhu yokugcina yakhiwe Qondanisa imbobo encane nengaphezulu lesibambo bese uqinisa ikhava yeshubhu.Uma uqhathanisa lezi zindlela ezimbili, lokhu kwakamuva kuphephile uma kuqhathaniswa.Lapho i-swab ephukile isetshenziswa kanye neshubhu yokugcina usayizi omncane, ingabangela ukuchaphazeka koketshezi epayipini lapho iphukile, futhi ukunakekelwa okugcwele kufanele kukhokhwe engozini yokungcola okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungalungile komkhiqizo.Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ishubhu le-polystyrene elingenalutho (PS) extruded tube noma i-polypropylene (PP) yomjovo we-creasing tube wezinto zesibambo se-swab.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo, izithasiselo ze-calcium alginate azikwazi ukungezwa;izinti zokhuni noma izinti zoqalo.Kafushane, i-swab yesampula kufanele iqinisekise inani lamasampula kanye nenani lokukhululwa, futhi izinto ezikhethiwe akufanele zibe nezinto ezithinta ukuhlolwa okulandelayo.
2. Isixazululo sokulondoloza igciwane: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezixazululo zokulondoloza igciwane ezisetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe, eyodwa iyisixazululo sokugcinwa kwegciwane esilungisiwe ngokusekelwe endaweni yokuthutha, kanti enye iyisixazululo esilungisiwe se-nucleic acid extraction lysate.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yalokhu yangaphambili iyisiko eliyisisekelo le-Eagle's Culture (MEM) noma usawoti olinganiselayo we-Hank, owengezwa nosawoti, ama-amino acid, amavithamini, ushukela kanye namaprotheni adingekayo ukuze lisinde igciwane.Lesi sixazululo sokugcina sisebenzisa usawoti we-sodium obomvu we-phenol njengenkomba nesixazululo.Lapho inani le-pH lingu-6.6-8.0, isisombululo siba pink.I-glucose edingekayo, i-L-glutamine namaprotheni kwengezwa kwisisombululo sokulondoloza.Iphrotheni ihlinzekwa ngesimo se-fetal bovine serum noma i-albumin ye-bovine serum, engasimamisa igobolondo lamaprotheni egciwane.Ngenxa yokuthi ikhambi lokulondoloza linothile ngezakhi zomzimba, liyasiza ekusindeni kwegciwane kodwa futhi linenzuzo ekukhuleni kwamagciwane.Uma isixazululo sokulondoloza singcoliswe amagciwane, sizophindaphindeka ngobuningi.I-carbon dioxide kuma-metabolites ayo izobangela ukuthi isisombululo sokulondoloza i-pH siwe sisuka e-pink Ishintsha ibe phuzi.Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi bangeze izithako ze-antibacterial ekwakhiweni kwabo.Ama-antibacterial agents anconyiwe yi-penicillin, i-streptomycin, i-gentamicin ne-polymyxin B. I-Sodium azide ne-2-methyl ayinconywa Ama-Inhibitors afana ne-4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI) kanye ne-5-chloro-2-methyl-4 -isothiazolin-3-one (CMCI) ngoba lezi zingxenye zinomthelela ekuphenduleni kwe-PCR.Njengoba isampula esihlinzekwe yilesi sixazululo sokulondoloza ngokuyisisekelo siyigciwane eliphilayo, imvelaphi yesampula ingagcinwa ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu, futhi ingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukukhipha nokutholwa kwe-virus nucleic acids, kodwa futhi ukutshala nokutshala. ukuhlukaniswa kwamagciwane.Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma isetshenziselwa ukutholwa, ukukhishwa kwe-nucleic acid nokuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokungasebenzi.
Olunye uhlobo lwesixazululo sokulondoloza olulungiselelwe ngokusekelwe ku-nucleic acid extraction lysate, izingxenye eziyinhloko usawoti olinganiselayo, i-EDTA chelating agent, usawoti we-guanidine (njenge-guanidine isothiocyanate, i-guanidine hydrochloride, njll.), i-anionic surfactant (njenge-dodecane Sodium sulfate), ama-surfactants (afana ne-tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), i-phenol, i-8-hydroxyquinoline, i-dithiothreitol (DTT), i-proteinase K nezinye izakhi, Lesi sixazululo sokugcina ukuhlukanisa igciwane ngokuqondile ukukhulula i-nucleic acid nokuqeda i-RNase.Uma isetshenziselwa i-RT-PCR kuphela, ifaneleka kakhulu, kodwa i-lysate ingaliyekisa igciwane.Lolu hlobo lwesampula alukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwesiko legciwane.
I-metal ion chelating ejenti esetshenziswa kusixazululo sokulondoloza igciwane kunconywa ukusebenzisa usawoti we-EDTA (njenge-dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, i-disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, njll.), futhi akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-heparin (njenge-sodium heparin, i-lithium heparin), ukuze ungaphazamisi ukutholwa kwe-PCR.
3. I-Preservation tube: Impahla yeshubhu yokulondoloza kufanele ikhethwe ngokucophelela.Kukhona idatha ephakamisa ukuthi i-polypropylene (i-Polypropylene) ihlobene nokukhanyiswa kwe-nucleic acid, ikakhulukazi ekugxilweni kwe-ion ion ephezulu, i-polyethylene (i-Polyethylene) ikhethwa kakhulu kune-polypropylene (i-Polypropylene) Kulula ukubamba i-DNA/RNA.Ipulasitiki ye-Polyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) nezinye iziqukathi zepulasitiki ze-polypropylene (Polypropylene) ezicutshungulwe ngokukhethekile zifaneleka kakhulu ukugcinwa kwe-DNA/RNA.Ukwengeza, uma usebenzisa i-swab ephukayo, ishubhu yokugcina kufanele izame ukukhetha isitsha esinobude obungaphezu kuka-8 cm ukuvimbela okuqukethwe ukuthi kungafafazwa futhi kungcoliswe lapho i-swab iphukile.
4. Amanzi esixazululo sokulondoloza ukukhiqizwa: Amanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziselwa isixazululo sokulondoloza ukukhiqizwa kufanele ahlungwe ngolwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration olunesisindo samangqamuzana esingu-13,000 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukususwa kokungcola kwe-polymer emithonjeni yezinto eziphilayo, njenge-RNase, i-DNase, ne-endotoxin, kanye ukuhlanzwa okuvamile akunconywa.Amanzi noma amanzi ase-distilled.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwamashubhu esampula egciwane
Ukuthatha isampula kusetshenziswa ishubhu yesampula yegciwane kuhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi amasampula e-oropharyngeal kanye nesampula ye-nasopharyngeal:
1. Isampula ye-Oropharyngeal: Okokuqala cindezela ulimi ngokucindezela ulimi, bese welula ikhanda le-swab yesampula emphinjeni ukuze usule amathoni we-pharyngeal amabili kanye nodonga lwangemuva lwepharyngeal, futhi usule udonga lwangemuva lwepharyngeal ngamandla alula, gwema ukuthinta ulimi. iyunithi.
2. Isampula ye-nasopharyngeal: linganisa ibanga ukusuka esihlokweni sekhala ukuya engxenyeni yendlebe nge-swab bese umaka ngomunwe, faka i-swab yesampula emgodini wekhala ohlangothini lwekhala eliqondile (ubuso), i-swab kufanele inwebe. okungenani isigamu sobude be-lobe yendlebe kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhala, Shiya i-swab ekhaleni imizuzwana engu-15-30, ujikeleze ngobumnene izikhathi ezingu-3-5, futhi uhoxise i-swab.
Akunzima ukubona endleleni yokusetshenziswa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-oropharyngeal swab noma i-nasopharyngeal swab, isampula kuwumsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe, onzima futhi ongcolile.Ikhwalithi yesampula eqoqiwe ihlobene ngokuqondile nokutholwa okulandelayo.Uma isampula eqoqiwe inomthamo wegciwane egazini Iphansi, kulula ukuyidala imiphumela engemihle, okunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-21-2020
