1. Mabapi le tlhahiso ea lipeipi tsa ho nka lisampole tsa vaerase
Liphaephe tsa ho nka disampole tsa vaerase ke tsa lihlahisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka. Bahlahisi ba bangata ba malapeng ba ngolisitsoe ho latela lihlahisoa tsa sehlopha sa pele, 'me lik'hamphani tse fokolang li ngolisitsoe ho latela lihlahisoa tsa sehlopha sa bobeli. Haufinyane tjena, e le ho fihlela litlhoko tsa maemo a tšohanyetso tsa Wuhan le libaka tse ling, lik'hamphani tse ngata li nkile "moketjana oa maemo a tšohanyetso" "Kopa tumello ea rekoto ea sehlopha sa pele. Phaephe ea ho nka disampole tsa vaerase e entsoe ka swab ea ho nka disampole, tharollo ea ho boloka vaerase le sephutheloana sa kantle. Kaha ha ho na maemo a kopaneng a naha kapa maemo a indasteri, lihlahisoa tsa bahlahisi ba fapaneng li fapana haholo.
1. Swab ea ho etsa disampole: Swab ea ho etsa disampole e ikopanya ka ho toba le sebaka sa ho etsa disampole, 'me thepa ea hlooho ea ho etsa disampole e amana haufi-ufi le ho fumanoa ho latelang. Hlooho ea swab ea ho etsa disampole e lokela ho etsoa ka faeba ea maiketsetso ea Polyester (PE) kapa Rayon (faeba e entsoeng ke motho). Li-sponge tsa calcium alginate kapa li-stick swab tsa lehong (ho kenyeletsoa le lithupa tsa bamboo) li ke ke tsa sebelisoa, 'me thepa ea hlooho ea swab e ke ke ea e-ba lihlahisoa tsa k'hothone. Hobane faeba ea k'hothone e na le ho monya protheine e matla, ha ho bonolo ho e kenya ka har'a tharollo e latelang ea polokelo; 'me ha thupa ea lehong kapa thupa ea bamboo e nang le calcium alginate le likarolo tsa lehong e robehile, ho e kenya ka har'a tharollo ea polokelo le hona ho tla monya protheine, 'me e ka thibela karabelo e latelang ea PCR. Ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa likhoele tsa maiketsetso tse kang faeba ea PE, faeba ea polyester le faeba ea polypropylene bakeng sa thepa ea hlooho ea swab. Likhoele tsa tlhaho tse kang k'hothone ha li khothalletsoe. Likhoele tsa nylon le tsona ha li khothalletsoe hobane likhoele tsa nylon (tse tšoanang le lihlooho tsa borashe ba meno) li monya metsi. Li fokola, li fella ka bophahamo bo sa lekaneng ba ho etsa disampole, e leng se amang sekhahla sa ho lemoha. Sponge ea calcium alginate e thibetsoe bakeng sa thepa ea swab ea ho etsa disampole! Mohele oa swab o na le mefuta e 'meli: o robehileng le o hahiloeng ka hare. Swab e robehileng e kenngoa ka har'a tube ea polokelo kamora ho nka sampole, 'me sekoahelo sa tube se robehile kamora ho robeha ho tloha sebakeng se haufi le hlooho ea sampole; swab e hahiloeng ka hare e kenya swab ea sampole ka ho toba ka har'a tube ea polokelo kamora ho nka sampole, 'me sekoahelo sa tube ea polokelo se hahiloe ka hare. Lokisa lesoba le lenyenyane le karolo e ka holimo ea mohele 'me u tiise sekoahelo sa tube. Ha ho bapisoa mekhoa ena e 'meli, ea morao-rao e sireletsehile haholo. Ha swab e robehileng e sebelisoa hammoho le tube ea polokelo e nyane, e ka baka ho fafatsa ha metsi ka har'a tube ha e robehile, 'me tlhokomelo e felletseng e lokela ho lefshoa kotsing ea tšilafalo e bakoang ke tšebeliso e fosahetseng ea sehlahisoa. Ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa tube e se nang letho ea polystyrene (PS) e ntšitsoeng kapa tube ea polypropylene (PP) e entsoeng ka ente bakeng sa thepa ea mohele oa swab. Ho sa tsotelehe hore na ho sebelisoa thepa efe, li-additives tsa calcium alginate li ke ke tsa eketsoa; lithupa tsa lehong kapa lithupa tsa Bamboo. Ka bokhutšoanyane, swab ea sampole e lokela ho netefatsa hore na sampole e kae le hore na e lokollotsoe hakae, 'me thepa e khethiloeng ha ea lokela ho ba le lintho tse amang liteko tse latelang.
2. Tharollo ea ho boloka vaerase: Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea litharollo tsa ho boloka vaerase tse sebelisoang haholo' marakeng, e 'ngoe ke tharollo ea tlhokomelo ea vaerase e fetotsoeng ho latela mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa, 'me e' ngoe ke tharollo e fetotsoeng bakeng sa lysate ea nucleic acid e ntšoang.
Karolo e ka sehloohong ea ea pele ke Eagle's basic culture medium (MEM) kapa letsoai le leka-lekaneng la Hank, le eketsoang ka letsoai, li-amino acid, livithamine, tsoekere le protheine tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho pholoha ha vaerase. Tharollo ena ea polokelo e sebelisa letsoai le khubelu la sodium ea phenol e le sesupo le tharollo. Ha boleng ba pH e le 6.6-8.0, tharollo e pinki. Glucose e hlokahalang, L-glutamine le protheine li eketsoa tharollong ea polokelo. Protheine e fanoa ka sebopeho sa fetal bovine serum kapa bovine serum albumin, e ka tsitsisang khetla ea protheine ea vaerase. Hobane tharollo ea polokelo e na le limatlafatsi tse ngata, e thusa ho pholoha ha vaerase empa hape e na le molemo kholong ea libaktheria. Haeba tharollo ea polokelo e silafalitsoe ke libaktheria, e tla ata ka bongata. Khabone dioxide ka har'a metabolites ea eona e tla etsa hore tharollo ea polokelo pH e theohe ho tloha pinki E fetoha mosehla. Ka hona, bahlahisi ba bangata ba ekelitse metsoako ea antibacterial ho li-formations tsa bona. Disebediswa tse kgothaletswang tsa ho thibela dikokwana-hloko ke penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin le polymyxin B. Sodium azide le 2-methyl ha di kgothaletswe Dithibela-mafu tse kang 4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI) le 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMCI) hobane dikarolo tsena di na le tshusumetso karabelong ya PCR. Kaha sampole e fanwang ke tharollo ena ya paballo ha e le hantle ke vaerase e phelang, qalo ya sampole e ka bolokwa ka tekanyo e kgolo, mme e ka sebediswa eseng feela bakeng sa ho ntsha le ho lemoha di-nucleic acid tsa kokwana-hloko, empa hape le bakeng sa temo le ho arola dikokwana-hloko. Leha ho le jwalo, ho lokela ho hlokomelwa hore ha e sebediswa bakeng sa ho lemoha, ho ntsha le ho hlwekisa di-nucleic acid tsa kokwana-hloko ho lokela ho etswa kamora ho se sebetse.
Mofuta o mong oa tharollo ea poloko e lokisitsoeng ho latela lysate ea nucleic acid extraction, likarolo tse ka sehloohong ke letsoai le leka-lekaneng, moemeli oa chelating oa EDTA, letsoai la guanidine (joalo ka guanidine isothiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride, jj.), surfactant ea anionic (joalo ka dodecane Sodium sulfate), li-surfactants tsa cationic (joalo ka tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), phenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, dithiothreitol (DTT), proteinase K le likarolo tse ling. Tharollo ena ea polokelo ke ho arola kokoana-hloko ka kotloloho ho lokolla nucleic acid le ho felisa RNase. Haeba e sebelisoa feela bakeng sa RT-PCR, e loketse haholoanyane, empa lysate e ka thibela kokoana-hloko. Mofuta ona oa sampole o ke ke oa sebelisoa bakeng sa karohano ea setso sa kokoana-hloko.
Sehlahisoa sa tšepe sa chelating ion se sebelisoang tharollong ea polokelo ea vaerase se khothaletsoa ho sebelisa letsoai la EDTA (joalo ka dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, jj.), 'me ha ho khothalletsoe ho sebelisa heparin (joalo ka sodium heparin, lithium heparin), e le hore se se ke sa ama ho fumanoa ha PCR.
3. Phaephe ea ho boloka: Thepa ea phaephe ea ho boloka e lokela ho khethoa ka hloko. Ho na le lintlha tse bontšang hore polypropylene (Polypropylene) e amana le ho monngoa ha nucleic acid, haholo-holo ha ho na le khatello e phahameng ea ion, polyethylene (Polyethylene) e ratoa haholo ho feta polypropylene (Polypropylene). Ho bonolo ho e utloisisa DNA/RNA. Polasetiki ea polyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) le lijana tse ling tsa polasetiki tsa polypropylene (Polypropylene) tse sebetsitsoeng ka ho khetheha li loketse polokelo ea DNA/RNA. Ho phaella moo, ha ho sebelisoa swab e ka robehang, phaephe ea polokelo e lokela ho leka ho khetha setshelo se bolelele bo fetang 8 cm ho thibela hore lintho tse ka hare li se ke tsa fafatsoa le ho silafala ha swab e robehile.
4. Metsi bakeng sa tharollo ea ho boloka tlhahiso: Metsi a hloekileng haholo a sebelisoang bakeng sa tharollo ea ho boloka tlhahiso a lokela ho sefshoa ka lera la ho sefa ka bongata le boima ba limolek'hule ba 13,000 ho netefatsa hore litšila tsa polymer lia tlosoa mehloling ea baeloji, joalo ka RNase, DNase, le endotoxin, 'me tlhoekiso e tloaelehileng ha e khothalletsoe. Metsi kapa metsi a hloekisitsoeng.
2. Tšebeliso ea lipeipi tsa ho nka lisampole tsa vaerase
Ho etsa disampole ho sebedisa tube ya ho etsa disampole tsa vaerase ho arotswe haholoholo ka ho etsa disampole tsa oropharyngeal le ho etsa disampole tsa nasopharyngeal:
1. Ho etsa sampole ea molomo: Qala ka ho tobetsa leleme ka sesebelisoa sa ho hatella leleme, ebe u atolosa hlooho ea swab ea sampole molaleng ho hlakola litonsi tsa molomo tse ka mahlakoreng a mabeli le lebota la molomo o ka morao, 'me u hlakole lebota la molomo o ka morao ka matla a bobebe, u qobe ho ama yuniti ea leleme.
2. Ho etsa sampole ya nasopharyngeal: lekanya sebaka ho tloha ntlheng ya nko ho ya karolong ya tsebe ka swab mme o tshwaye ka monwana, kenya swab ya sampole ka hara nko ka lehlakoreng la nko e otlolohileng (sefahleho), swab e lokela ho atolosa bonyane halofo ya bolelele ba karolo ya tsebe ho ya ntlheng ya nko, Tlohela swab ka nkong metsotsoana e 15-30, o e potolohe ka bonolo ka makgetlo a 3-5, mme o ntshe swab.
Ha ho thata ho bona ho latela mokhoa oa tšebeliso, ebang ke swab ea oropharyngeal kapa swab ea nasopharyngeal, ho nka sampole ke mosebetsi oa tekheniki, o thata ebile o silafetse. Boleng ba sampole e bokelletsoeng bo amana ka ho toba le ho fumanoa ho latelang. Haeba sampole e bokelletsoeng e na le vaerase. E tlase, e bonolo ho baka liphoso tse fosahetseng, ho thata ho netefatsa tlhahlobo.
Nako ea poso: Phuptjane-21-2020
