1. Nezvekugadzirwa kwemachubhu ekuongorora mavhairasi
Machubhu ekutora sampuri dzemavhairasi ndeezvigadzirwa zvemidziyo yekurapa. Vagadziri vazhinji vemuno vakanyoreswa zvichienderana nezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, uye makambani mashoma akanyoreswa zvichienderana nezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kuti vasangane nezvinodiwa zvekukurumidzira zveWuhan nedzimwe nzvimbo, makambani mazhinji akatora "emergency channel" "Nyorera mvumo yekutora sampuri dzemhando yepamusoro. Chubhu yekutora sampuri dzemavhairasi inoumbwa nesampuri yekutora sampuri, mhinduro yekuchengetedza mavhairasi uye kurongedza kwekunze. Sezvo pasina mwero wenyika wakabatana kana mwero weindasitiri, zvigadzirwa zvevagadziri vakasiyana-siyana zvinosiyana zvakanyanya.
1. Kusambidza: Sampura yesampura inosangana zvakananga nenzvimbo yekusambidza, uye zvinhu zviri mumusoro wesampura zvine chekuita nekuona zvinotevera. Musoro wesampura yesampura inofanira kugadzirwa nefiber yakagadzirwa nePolyester (PE) kana Rayon (fiber yakagadzirwa nevanhu). Calcium alginate sponge kana stick swabs dzehuni (kusanganisira bamboo sticks) hazvigone kushandiswa, uye zvinhu zviri mumusoro wesampura hazvigone kuva zvigadzirwa zvedonje. Nekuti cotton fiber ine adsorption yakasimba yeprotein, hazvisi nyore kupinda musolution yekuchengetera inotevera; uye kana tsvimbo yehuni kana bamboo stick ine calcium alginate nezvinhu zvehuni zvaputsika, kunyikwa musolution yekuchengetera kuchananzvawo mapuroteni, uye zvinogonawo kudzivirira PCR reaction inotevera. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa synthetic fibers dzakadai sePE fiber, polyester fiber uye polypropylene fiber yezvinhu zviri mumusoro wesampura. Fibers dzechisikigo dzakadai sedonje hadzikurudzirwi. Fibers dzenylon hadzikurudzirwiwo nekuti nylon fibers (dzakafanana nemisoro yebrashi remazino) dzinonwisa mvura. Hadzina kunaka, zvichikonzera vhoriyamu isina kukwana yesampura, zvichikanganisa mwero wekuona. Calcium alginate sponge haibvumirwi kutora sampura yesampura! Mubato weSwab une mhando mbiri: wakatyoka newakavakirwa mukati. Swab yakatyoka inoiswa muchubhu yekuchengetera mushure mekutorwa kwemasampuli, uye chivharo chechubhu chinotyoka mushure mekutyoka kubva panzvimbo iri pedyo nemusoro wekutora sampuro; swab yakavakirwa mukati inoisa swab yekuenzanisira zvakananga muchubhu yekuchengetera mushure mekutorwa sampuro, uye chivharo chechubhu yekuchengetera chinovakwa mukati. Gadzira gomba diki nepamusoro pemubato uye simbisa chivharo chechubhu. Kuenzanisa nzira mbiri idzi, yekupedzisira haina njodzi. Kana swab yakatyoka ikashandiswa pamwe chete nechubhu yekuchengetera diki, inogona kukonzera kupfapfaidzwa kwemvura muchubhu kana yatyoka, uye kutarisisa kwakazara kunofanirwa kupihwa kune njodzi yekusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa chubhu yakachekwa yepolystyrene (PS) kana chubhu yepolypropylene (PP) injection creasing yechinhu chemubato weSwab. Pasinei nechinhu chipi chinoshandiswa, calcium alginate additives haigone kuwedzerwa; matanda ehuni kana Bamboo sticks. Muchidimbu, sample swab inofanira kuve nechokwadi chehuwandu hwesample uye huwandu hwekuburitswa, uye zvinhu zvakasarudzwa hazvifanirwe kunge zvine zvinhu zvinokanganisa bvunzo dzinotevera.
2. Mhinduro yekuchengetedza mavhairasi: Kune mhando mbiri dzemhinduro dzekuchengetedza mavhairasi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamusika, imwe mhinduro yekuchengetedza mavhairasi yakagadziriswa zvichibva panzira yekufambisa, uye imwe mhinduro yakagadziriswa yekubvisa nucleic acid lysate.
Chinhu chikuru chechinhu chekutanga iEagle's basic culture medium (MEM) kana kuti Hank's balanced salt, iyo inowedzerwa nemunyu, amino acids, mavitamini, glucose uye mapuroteni anodiwa kuti hutachiona hurarame. Iyi solution yekuchengetedza inoshandisa phenol red sodium salt sechiratidzo uye mhinduro. Kana pH iri 6.6-8.0, mhinduro yacho inenge iri pink. Glucose inodiwa, L-glutamine uye mapuroteni zvinowedzerwa kune solution yekuchengetedza. Mapuroteni aya anowanikwa muchimiro che fetal bovine serum kana bovine serum albumin, iyo inogona kudzikamisa ganda reprotein rehutachiona. Nekuti solution yekuchengetedza yakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri, inobatsira kuti hutachiona hurarame asi zvakare inobatsira kukura kwebhakitiriya. Kana solution yekuchengetedza yakasvibiswa nebhakitiriya, inowanda zvakanyanya. Kabhoni dioxide mumetabolites ayo ichaita kuti solution yekuchengetedza pH iwire kubva kupinki Inoshanduka yero. Nokudaro, vagadziri vazhinji vakawedzera zvinhu zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya mumafomu avo. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inokurudzirwa ndeiyi penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin uye polymyxin B. Sodium azide uye 2-methyl hazvikurudzirwi. Zvinodzivirira zvakaita se4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI) uye 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMCI) nekuti zvikamu izvi zvine simba paPCR reaction. Sezvo muenzaniso unopihwa neiyi nzira yekuchengetedza uri hutachiona huri mhenyu, kutanga kwemuenzaniso kunogona kuchengetedzwa zvakanyanya, uye unogona kushandiswa kwete chete pakuburitsa nekuona mavhairasi nucleic acids, asiwo pakurima nekuparadzanisa mavhairasi. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana ukashandiswa pakuona, kubvisa nekuchenesa nucleic acid kunofanira kuitwa mushure mekusashanda.
Imwe mhando yemhinduro yekuchengetedza yakagadzirwa zvichibva pa lysate yekubvisa nucleic acid, zvikamu zvikuru munyu wakaenzana, EDTA chelating agent, munyu weguanidine (wakadai seguanidine isothiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride, nezvimwewo), anionic surfactant (yakadai sedodecane Sodium sulfate), cationic surfactants (yakadai setetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), phenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, dithiothreitol (DTT), proteinase K nezvimwe zvikamu. Iyi mhinduro yekuchengetedza ndeyekubvisa zvakananga hutachiona kuti ibudise nucleic acid uye kubvisa RNase. Kana ikashandiswa chete paRT-PCR, yakakodzera, asi lysate inogona kumisa hutachiona. Rudzi urwu rwemuenzaniso harugone kushandiswa pakuparadzanisa hutachiona.
Mushonga wesimbi unoshandiswa mukuchengetedza hutachiona unokurudzirwa kushandisa munyu weEDTA (wakadai sedipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nezvimwewo), uye hazvikurudzirwi kushandisa heparin (yakadai sesodium heparin, lithium heparin), kuitira kuti isakanganise kuonekwa kwePCR.
3. Chubhu yekuchengetedza: Zvinhu zviri muchubhu yekuchengetedza zvinofanira kusarudzwa nokungwarira. Kune ruzivo runoratidza kuti polypropylene (Polypropylene) ine chekuita nekunyungudika kwe nucleic acid, kunyanya kana paine tension ion concentration yakanyanya, polyethylene (Polyethylene) inonyanya kufarirwa kupfuura polypropylene (Polypropylene). Zviri nyore kubata DNA/RNA. Polyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) purasitiki nemamwe midziyo yepurasitiki yakagadzirwa ne polypropylene (Polypropylene) yakanyatsokodzera kuchengetwa kweDNA/RNA. Pamusoro pezvo, kana uchishandisa swab inotyoka, chubhu yekuchengetedza inofanira kuedza kusarudza mudziyo une urefu hunopfuura 8 cm kudzivirira kuti zviri mukati zvisaparadzwe uye kusvibiswa kana swab yapwanyika.
4. Mvura yekuchengetedza ganda: Mvura yakachena kwazvo inoshandiswa mukuchengetedza ganda inofanira kuseferwa kuburikidza ne ultrafiltration membrane ine huremu hwemamorekuru e13,000 kuitira kuti tsvina ye polymer ibviswe kubva kuzvinhu zvipenyu, zvakaita seRNase, DNase, uye endotoxin, uye kucheneswa kwakajairika hakukurudzirwi. Mvura kana mvura yakasanganiswa.
2. Kushandisa machubhu ekutora sampuli yehutachiona
Kutora sampuli uchishandisa chubhu yekutora sampuli yehutachiona kwakakamurwa kuva oropharyngeal sampling uye nasopharyngeal sampling:
1. Kuongororwa kweOropharyngeal: Tanga wadzvanya rurimi uchishandisa chinodzvinyirira rurimi, wobva watambanudza musoro wesab yesampling muhuro kuti upukute matonsi epamuromo nemadziro epamuromo, wopukuta madziro epamuromo nechisimba, wodzivisa kubata rurimi.
2. Kuongororwa kweNasopharyngeal: kuyera daro kubva pamuromo wemhino kusvika pamucheto wezasi nekushandisa swab woisa chiratidzo nemunwe, isa swab yesampling mumhino uchitarisa mhino yakatwasuka (kumeso), swab inofanira kutambanudza hafu yehurefu hwemuromo kusvika pamucheto wemhino. Siya swab mumhino kwemasekonzi 15-30, tenderera zvinyoro nyoro katatu-kashanu, wobvisa swab.
Hazvina kuoma kuona kubva pakushandisa, kungave swab yemuromo kana nasopharyngeal, kutora sampuli ibasa rehunyanzvi, iro rakaoma uye rine utachiona. Hunhu hwesampuli yakatorwa hunoenderana zvakananga nekuonekwa kunotevera. Kana sampuro yakatorwa iine huwandu hwehutachiona. Zvakaderera, zviri nyore kukonzera zviratidzo zvenhema, zvakaoma kusimbisa kuongororwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-21-2020
