1. Mō te hanga i ngā ngongo tauira huaketo
Nō ngā hua taputapu hauora ngā ngongo tauira huaketo. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga o te rohe kua rēhitatia kia rite ki ngā hua karaehe tuatahi, ā, he iti noa ngā kamupene kua rēhitatia kia rite ki ngā hua karaehe tuarua. Nō nā tata nei, hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia ohorere o Wuhan me ētahi atu wāhi, he maha ngā kamupene kua whakamahi i te "hongere ohorere" "Tonoa mō te whakaaetanga rekoata karaehe tuatahi". Ko te ngongo tauira huaketo he mea tito mai i te ūkui tauira, te otinga tiaki huaketo me te takai o waho. Nā te mea kāore he paerewa ā-motu, he paerewa ahumahi rānei, he rerekē rawa ngā hua o ngā kaihanga rerekē.
1. Te miro tauira: Ka pā tika te miro tauira ki te wāhi tauira, ā, he tata te hononga o te rauemi o te pane tauira ki te kitenga i muri mai. Me hanga te pane tauira ki te muka hangai Polyester (PE) me te muka Rayon (hanga-tangata). Kāore e taea te whakamahi i te hautai konupūmā alginate, i ngā miro rākau rānei (tae atu ki ngā rākau pūkohu), ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te rauemi o te pane tauira ki ngā hua miro. Nā te kaha o te mimiti o te pūmua ki te muka miro, kāore e ngāwari te mimiti ki roto i te otinga rokiroki i muri mai; ā, ina whati te rākau rakau, te rākau pūkohu rānei kei roto te konupūmā alginate me ngā wāhanga rakau, ka mimiti hoki te pūmua ki te rumaki ki te otinga rokiroki, ā, ka ārai pea i te tauhohenga PCR i muri mai. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā muka hangai pēnei i te muka PE, te muka polyester me te muka polypropylene hei rauemi mō te pane tauira. Kāore i te tūtohutia ngā muka tūturu pēnei i te miro. Kāore hoki i te tūtohutia ngā muka nairona nā te mea ka mimiti wai ngā muka nairona (he rite ki ngā pane paraihe niho). He ngoikore, ka hua ake he iti te rahinga tauira, ka pā ki te tere kitenga. Kāore e whakaaetia te whakamahi i te hautai konupūmā alginate hei rauemi miro tauira! E rua ngā momo kakau miro: pakaru me te hanga-roto. Ka whakanohoia te ūkui pakaru ki roto i te ngongo rokiroki i muri i te tango tauira, ā, ka pakaru te taupoki o te ngongo i muri i te pakaru mai i te tūranga tata ki te pane tauira; ka maka tika te ūkui kua hangaia ki roto i te ngongo rokiroki ki roto i te ngongo rokiroki i muri i te tango tauira, ā, ka hangaia te taupoki o te ngongo ngongo rokiroki. Whakahāngaihia te kōhao iti ki te tihi o te kakau, ka whakakīia te taupoki o te ngongo. Ki te whakataurite i ngā tikanga e rua, he haumaru te tikanga whakamutunga. Ina whakamahia te ūkui pakaru me te ngongo rokiroki iti ake, ka pakaru pea te wai i roto i te ngongo ina pakaru, ā, me aro nui ki te tūponotanga o te poke i puta mai i te whakamahinga hē o te hua. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he ngongo polystyrene tuwhera (PS) he ngongo werohanga werohanga polypropylene (PP) rānei mō te rauemi o te kakau ūkui. Ahakoa te rauemi e whakamahia ana, kāore e taea te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa konupūmā alginate; he rākau rakau, he rākau bamboo rānei. I roto i te poto, me whakarite e te ūkui tauira te nui o te tauira me te nui o te tukunga, ā, kaua ngā rauemi kua tīpakohia e whai matū e pā ki ngā whakamātautau o muri mai.
2. Otinga tiaki huaketo: E rua ngā momo otinga tiaki huaketo e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te mākete, ko tētahi he otinga tiaki huaketo kua whakarerekētia i runga i te reo kawe, ā, ko tētahi he otinga kua whakarerekētia mō te lysate tango waikawa karihi.
Ko te wāhanga matua o te mea tuatahi ko te reo ahurea taketake a Eagle (MEM) te tote taurite a Hank rānei, e tāpirihia ana ki ngā tote, ngā waikawa amino, ngā huaora, te hukahuka me te pūmua e tika ana mō te oranga o te huaketo. Ka whakamahia e tēnei otinga rokiroki te tote konutai whero phenol hei tohu me te otinga. Ina he 6.6-8.0 te uara pH, ka māwhero te otinga. Ka tāpirihia te hukahuka, te L-glutamine me te pūmua e tika ana ki te otinga tiaki. Ka whakaratohia te pūmua i roto i te ahua o te serum kau fetal, te albumin serum kau rānei, ka taea te whakau i te anga pūmua o te huaketo. Nā te mea he nui ngā matūkai i roto i te otinga tiaki, he pai mō te oranga o te huaketo engari he pai hoki mō te tipu o ngā huakita. Mena ka poke te otinga tiaki i ngā huakita, ka nui haere. Ka meinga e te hauhā waro i roto i ōna matūkai te pH o te otinga tiaki kia heke mai i te māwhero ka huri kowhai. Nō reira, kua tāpirihia e te nuinga o ngā kaihanga ngā kai patu huakita ki ā rātou hanganga. Ko ngā rongoā patu huakita e taunakitia ana ko te penicillin, te streptomycin, te gentamicin me te polymyxin B. Kāore i te tūtohutia te whakamahi i te Sodium azide me te 2-methyl hei aukati i ngā matū pērā i te 4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI) me te 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMCI) nā te mea he pānga ēnei wāhanga ki te tauhohenga PCR. Nā te mea he huaketo ora te tauira e whakaratohia ana e tēnei otinga tiaki, ka taea te pupuri i te āhua taketake o te tauira ki te taumata teitei, ā, ka taea te whakamahi ehara i te mea mō te tango me te kimi i ngā waikawa karihi huaketo anake, engari mō te whakatipu me te wehe i ngā huaketo. Heoi, me mōhio ko te whakamahinga mō te kimi, me tango me te purenga te waikawa karihi i muri i te whakakorenga.
Ko tētahi atu momo otinga tiaki i hangaia i runga i te lysate tango waikawa karihi, ko ngā wāhanga matua ko ngā tote taurite, te kaihoko chelating EDTA, te tote guanidine (pēnei i te guanidine isothiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride, me ētahi atu), te surfactant anionic (pēnei i te dodecane Sodium sulfate), ngā surfactants cationic (pēnei i te tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), te phenol, te 8-hydroxyquinoline, te dithiothreitol (DTT), te proteinase K me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko tēnei otinga rokiroki he tapahi tika i te huaketo kia tukuna te waikawa karihi me te whakakore i te RNase. Mena ka whakamahia anake mō te RT-PCR, he pai ake, engari ka taea e te lysate te whakakore i te huaketo. Kāore e taea te whakamahi i tēnei momo tauira mō te wehenga ahurea huaketo.
Ko te kaihoko whakakōkī ion whakarewa e whakamahia ana i roto i te otinga tiaki huaketo e taunakitia ana kia whakamahia ngā tote EDTA (pēnei i te waikawa dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic, te waikawa disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic, me ētahi atu), ā, kāore e tūtohutia kia whakamahia te heparin (pēnei i te konutai heparin, te lithium heparin), kia kore ai e pā ki te kitenga PCR.
3. Ngongo tiaki: Me āta whiriwhiri te rauemi o te ngongo tiaki. E kī ana ngā raraunga he hononga te polypropylene (Polypropylene) ki te mimiti o te waikawa karihi, inā koa i te kukū katote teitei, he pai ake te polyethylene (Polyethylene) i te polypropylene (Polypropylene). He ngāwari ki te hopu i te DNA/RNA. He pai ake te kirihou polyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) me ētahi ipu kirihou polypropylene (Polypropylene) kua tukatukahia mō te rokiroki DNA/RNA. Hei tāpiri, i te wā e whakamahi ana i te ūkui pakaru, me ngana te ngongo rokiroki ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi ipu he nui ake i te 8 cm te teitei hei ārai i te turuturu me te poke o ngā mea o roto ina pakaru te ūkui.
4. Wai mō te otinga tiaki whakaputa: Me tātari te wai tino parakore e whakamahia ana mō te otinga tiaki whakaputa mā roto i te kiriuhi tātaritanga tino nui me te taumaha ngota o te 13,000 hei whakarite kia tangohia ngā poke polymer mai i ngā pūtake koiora, pērā i te RNase, te DNase, me te endotoxin, ā, kāore i te tūtohutia te purenga noa. Wai, wai whakapūkara rānei.
2. Te whakamahi i ngā ngongo tauira huaketo
Ko te tango tauira mā te whakamahi i te ngongo tango tauira huaketo e wehea ana ki te tango tauira o te waha me te tango tauira o te ihu:
1. Te tango tauira waha: Pēhia te arero ki te pehi arero, kātahi ka totoro te pane o te ūkui tauira ki roto i te korokoro hei muru i ngā tonsil pharyngeal e rua me te pakitara pharyngeal o muri, kātahi ka murua te pakitara pharyngeal o muri ki te kaha māmā, kaua e pā ki te arero.
2. Te tango tauira ihu: inehia te tawhiti mai i te pito o te ihu ki te pū taringa me te ūkui, ka tohua ki te maihao, whakauruhia te ūkui tauira ki roto i te kōhao ihu i te ahunga o te ihu poutū (mata), me toro te ūkui kia neke atu i te haurua o te roa o te pū taringa ki te pito o te ihu. Waiho te ūkui ki roto i te ihu mō te 15-30 hēkona, hurihia mārire kia 3-5 ngā wā, kātahi ka tangohia te ūkui.
Ehara i te mea uaua ki te kite i te tikanga whakamahi, ahakoa he ūkui waha, he ūkui waha rānei, he mahi hangarau te tango tauira, he mahi uaua, he poke hoki. Ko te kounga o te tauira i kohia he mea e pā tika ana ki te kitenga i muri mai. Mena he iti te kawenga huaketo o te tauira i kohia, he ngāwari ki te whakaputa i ngā hua kino teka, he uaua ki te whakaū i te mate.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-21-2020
