1. Banyere imepụta ọkpọkọ nnwale nje
Ọkpọkọ nje virus bụ nke ngwaahịa ngwaọrụ ahụike. Ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe n'ime obodo na-edebanye aha dịka ngwaahịa nke klas mbụ si dị, ọ bụkwa ụlọ ọrụ ole na ole ka edebanyere aha dịka ngwaahịa nke klas nke abụọ si dị. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, iji mezuo mkpa mberede nke Wuhan na ebe ndị ọzọ, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ewerela "ọwa mberede" "Tinye akwụkwọ ikike ndekọ klas nke mbụ." Ọkpọkọ nje virus ahụ nwere swab nlele, ngwọta nchekwa nje na nkwakọ ngwaahịa mpụga. Ebe ọ bụ na enweghị ọkọlọtọ mba ma ọ bụ ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ dị n'otu, ngwaahịa nke ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche dịgasị iche iche.
1. Swab nke a na-eji atụ ihe: Swab nke a na-eji atụ ihe na-emetụ aka ozugbo n'ebe a na-atụ ihe, ihe e ji atụ ihe na-ejikọkwa aka na nchọpụta ọzọ. A ga-eji eriri sịntetik Polyester (PE) ma ọ bụ Rayon (eriri mmadụ mere) mee isi swab nke a na-atụ ihe nlele. Agaghị eji swab nke calcium alginate ma ọ bụ swab osisi (gụnyere osisi bamboo) mee ya, ihe e ji akpọ ihe ịchọ mma enweghịkwa ike ịbụ ngwaahịa owu. Ebe ọ bụ na eriri owu nwere protein siri ike, ọ dịghị mfe ịbanye n'ime ihe nchekwa ọzọ; mgbe osisi osisi ma ọ bụ osisi bamboo nwere calcium alginate na ihe osisi gbajiri agbaji, itinye ihe ngwọta nchekwa ahụ ga-etinyekwa protein, ọbụnakwa ọ ga-egbochi mmeghachi omume PCR na-esote. A na-atụ aro ka e jiri eriri sịntetik dịka eriri PE, eriri polyester na polypropylene maka ihe e ji akpọ ihe ịchọ mma. A naghị atụ aro eriri eke dịka owu. A naghị atụ arokwa eriri naịlọn n'ihi na eriri naịlọn (dị ka isi ahịhịa ezé) na-amịkọrọ mmiri. Ọ dịghị mma, nke na-eme ka ọnụọgụ nlele zuru oke, na-emetụta ọnụego nchọpụta. A machibidoro swab nke calcium alginate maka ihe nlele ihe ịchọ mma! Aka swab nwere ụdị abụọ: gbajiri agbaji na nke e tinyere n'ime. A na-etinye swab gbajiri agbaji n'ime tube nchekwa mgbe a tụchara ya, a na-agbajikwa mkpuchi tube ahụ mgbe ọ gbajiri agbaji site n'ọnọdụ dị nso na isi ihe nlele ahụ; swab ahụ e tinyere n'ime ya na-etinye swab ahụ ozugbo n'ime tube nchekwa ahụ mgbe a tụchara ya, a na-ewukwa mkpuchi tube nchekwa ahụ n'ime Hazie obere oghere ahụ na elu aka ahụ ma sie ike mkpuchi tube ahụ. N'ịtụnyere ụzọ abụọ ahụ, nke ikpeazụ dị mma. Mgbe ejiri swab ahụ gbajiri agbaji na obere tube nchekwa, ọ nwere ike ime ka mmiri gbawaa na tube ahụ mgbe ọ gbajiri agbaji, a ga-etinyekwa nlebara anya zuru oke na ihe ize ndụ nke mmetọ nke ojiji na-ezighi ezi nke ngwaahịa ahụ kpatara. A na-atụ aro ka ejiri tube extruded polystyrene (PS) ma ọ bụ polypropylene (PP) injection creasing tube maka ihe nke aka swab ahụ. N'agbanyeghị ihe ejiri ya, enweghị ike itinye ihe mgbakwunye calcium alginate; osisi osisi ma ọ bụ osisi bamboo. Na nkenke, swab ahụ kwesịrị ijide n'aka na ọnụọgụ ihe nlele na ọnụọgụ ntọhapụ, ihe ndị ahọpụtara agaghị enwe ihe ndị na-emetụta nnwale na-esote.
2. Ngwọta nchekwa nje: E nwere ụdị ngwọta nchekwa nje abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ahịa, otu bụ ngwọta nchekwa nje nke agbanwere dabere na usoro mbugharị, nke ọzọ bụ ngwọta emezigharịrị maka lysate mwepụta nucleic acid.
Isi ihe dị na mbụ bụ ihe eji eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya bụ isi ihe ọkụkụ Eagle (MEM) ma ọ bụ nnu Hank nke a na-agwakọta, nke a na-agbakwunye nnu, amino acid, vitamin, glucose na protein dị mkpa maka ndụ nje. Ihe eji eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya na-eji nnu phenol red sodium dị ka ihe ngosi na ngwọta. Mgbe uru pH dị 6.6-8.0, ihe eji eme ya bụ pink. A na-agbakwunye glucose, L-glutamine na protein dị mkpa na ihe eji eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya. A na-enye protein ahụ n'ụdị serum ehi fetal ma ọ bụ albumin serum ehi, nke nwere ike ime ka ihe dị n'ime ya sie ike. N'ihi na ihe eji eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya bara ụba na nri, ọ na-enyere aka ịlanarị nje ahụ mana ọ na-abakwa uru maka uto nke nje bacteria. Ọ bụrụ na ihe eji eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya merụọ nje bacteria, ọ ga-amụba n'ọtụtụ. Carbon dioxide dị na metabolites ya ga-eme ka pH nke ihe eji eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya daa site na pink na-agbanwe odo odo. Ya mere, ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe etinyela ihe ndị na-egbu nje na usoro ha. Ihe ndị a na-atụ aro maka iji ọgwụ nje bụ penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin na polymyxin B. A naghị atụ aro Sodium azide na 2-methyl. Ihe mgbochi dịka 4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI) na 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMCI) n'ihi na ihe ndị a nwere mmetụta na mmeghachi omume PCR. Ebe ọ bụ na ihe nlele nke ngwọta nchekwa a nyere bụ nje dị ndụ, enwere ike idobe mmalite nke ihe nlele ahụ ruo n'ókè kachasị, enwere ike iji ya ọ bụghị naanị maka mwepụ na ịchọpụta asịd nucleic virus, kamakwa maka ịkụ na ikewapụ nje. Agbanyeghị, ekwesịrị ịmara na mgbe ejiri ya maka nchọpụta, a ga-emerịrị mwepụ na nhicha nucleic acid mgbe emechiri ya.
Ụdị ngwọta nchekwa ọzọ e ji lysate nke a na-ewepụta nuklisiki acid mee, ihe ndị bụ isi bụ nnu ndị a na-edozi ahụ, ihe na-eme ka EDTA chelating dị mma, nnu guanidine (dịka guanidine isothiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride, wdg), anionic surfactant (dịka dodecane Sodium sulfate), cationic surfactants (dịka tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), phenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, dithiothreitol (DTT), proteinase K na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ngwọta nchekwa a bụ ikewapụ nje ahụ ozugbo iji wepụta nucleic acid ma wepụ RNase. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya naanị maka RT-PCR, ọ ka mma, mana lysate ahụ nwere ike ime ka nje ahụ ghara ịrụ ọrụ. Enweghị ike iji ụdị ihe nlele a maka nkewa ọdịbendị nje.
A na-atụ aro ka e jiri nnu EDTA (dịka dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, wdg) mee ihe maka igbochi nje ahụ, a naghịkwa atụ aro ka e jiri heparin (dịka sodium heparin, lithium heparin), ka ọ ghara imetụta nchọpụta PCR.
3. Tubọọlụ nchekwa: E kwesịrị iji nlezianya họrọ ihe dị na tubọọlụ nchekwa. E nwere data na-egosi na polypropylene (Polypropylene) metụtara mmịpụta nke nucleic acid, ọkachasị na oke nrụgide ion, polyethylene (Polyethylene) ka mma karịa polypropylene (Polypropylene). DNA/RNA dị mfe ijide. Plastik Polyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) na ụfọdụ akpa plastik polypropylene (Polypropylene) nke a haziri nke ọma dabara adaba maka nchekwa DNA/RNA. Na mgbakwunye, mgbe ị na-eji swab a na-agbaji agbaji, tubọọlụ nchekwa kwesịrị ịnwa ịhọrọ akpa nwere ogologo karịrị 8 cm iji gbochie ihe dị n'ime ya ịgbasa ma merụọ ya mgbe swab ahụ gbawara.
4. Mmiri maka nchekwa mmepụta: A ga-eji ihe mkpuchi ultrafiltration nke nwere oke molekul nke 13,000 sachaa mmiri ultrapur nke e ji mee ihe maka nchekwa mmepụta iji hụ na e wepụrụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha site na ihe ndị dị ndụ, dịka RNase, DNase, na endotoxin, a naghịkwa akwado nhicha nkịtị. Mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri a gwakọtara agwakọta.
2. Ojiji nke ọkpọkọ nnwale nje
A na-ekewakarị nlele site na iji tube nlele nje ahụ n'ime nlele oropharyngeal na nlele nasopharyngeal:
1. Nnwale nke anya: Buru ụzọ pịa ire site na iji ihe na-ebelata ire, wee gbasaa isi nke ihe nlele ahụ n'ime akpịrị iji hichaa tonsils pharyngeal abụọ na mgbidi pharyngeal dị n'azụ, ma jiri ike dị mfe hichaa mgbidi pharyngeal dị n'azụ, zere imetụ akụkụ ire aka.
2. Nnwale Nasopharyngeal: tụọ anya site na nsọtụ imi ruo n'ọnụ ntị ma jiri mkpịsị aka dee akara, tinye nnwale ahụ n'ime oghere imi n'akụkụ imi kwụ ọtọ (ihu), nnwale ahụ kwesịrị ịgbatị ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọkara ogologo nke ntị ruo na nsọtụ imi, Hapụ nnwale ahụ n'imi maka sekọnd 15-30, tụgharịa nwayọ ugboro 3-5, wee wepụ nnwale ahụ.
Ọ dịghị mfe ịhụ site na usoro eji ya, ma ọ bụ swab oropharyngeal ma ọ bụ swab nasopharyngeal, nnwale bụ ọrụ teknụzụ, nke siri ike ma merụọ ahụ. Ọdịdị nke ihe nlele anakọtara metụtara kpọmkwem na nchọpụta na-esote. Ọ bụrụ na ihe nlele anakọtara nwere ibu nje virus Dị ala, dị mfe ibute ihe na-adịghị mma, ọ siri ike ikwenye na nchoputa ahụ.
Oge ozi: Juun-21-2020
