1. Game da ƙera bututun ɗaukar samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta
Bututun ɗaukar samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta suna cikin kayayyakin na'urorin likitanci. Yawancin masana'antun cikin gida suna yin rijista bisa ga samfuran aji na farko, kuma kamfanoni kaɗan ne suka yi rijista bisa ga samfuran aji na biyu. Kwanan nan, domin biyan buƙatun gaggawa na Wuhan da sauran wurare, kamfanoni da yawa sun ɗauki "tashar gaggawa" "Nemi izinin rikodin aji na farko." Bututun ɗaukar samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta ya ƙunshi swab na samfur, maganin kiyaye ƙwayoyin cuta da marufi na waje. Tunda babu daidaitaccen ma'auni na ƙasa ko ma'aunin masana'antu, samfuran masana'antun daban-daban sun bambanta sosai.
1. Swab ɗin samfur: Swab ɗin samfuri yana haɗuwa kai tsaye da wurin da aka yi samfurin, kuma kayan kan samfurin yana da alaƙa da ganowa daga baya. Ya kamata a yi kan samfurin da zare na roba na Polyester (PE) ko Rayon (zaren da aka yi da mutum). Ba za a iya amfani da soso na calcium alginate ko swab ɗin sanda na katako (gami da sandunan bamboo) ba, kuma kayan kan swab ba za a iya amfani da su ba daga auduga. Saboda zare na auduga yana da ƙarfi wajen sha furotin, ba shi da sauƙi a shiga cikin maganin ajiya na gaba; kuma lokacin da aka karya sandar katako ko sandar bamboo da ke ɗauke da sinadarin calcium alginate da kayan katako, jiƙa a cikin maganin ajiya shi ma zai sha furotin, har ma zai iya hana amsawar PCR na gaba. Ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da zare na roba kamar zare na PE, zare na polyester da zare na polypropylene don kayan kan swab. Ba a ba da shawarar zare na halitta kamar auduga ba. Ba a ba da shawarar zare na nailan ba saboda zare na nailan (kamar kan buroshin hakori) suna sha ruwa. Mara kyau, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin adadin samfurin, yana shafar ƙimar ganowa. An haramta soso na calcium alginate don samfurin swab! Riƙon swab yana da nau'i biyu: karyewa da kuma ginawa. Ana sanya swab ɗin da ya karye a cikin bututun ajiya bayan an ɗauki samfurin, kuma murfin bututun ya karye bayan an karye daga wurin da yake kusa da kan samfurin; swab ɗin da aka gina a ciki yana sanya swab ɗin samfurin kai tsaye a cikin bututun ajiya bayan an ɗauki samfurin, kuma an gina murfin bututun ajiya a ciki Daidaita ƙaramin ramin da saman hannun kuma a matse murfin bututun. Idan aka kwatanta hanyoyin biyu, na biyun yana da aminci sosai. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da swab ɗin da ya karye tare da ƙaramin bututun ajiya, yana iya haifar da feshewar ruwa a cikin bututun lokacin da ya karye, kuma ya kamata a ba da cikakken kulawa ga haɗarin gurɓatawa da rashin amfani da samfurin ba daidai ba. Ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da bututun polystyrene (PS) mai zurfi ko bututun polypropylene (PP) mai allurar creasing don kayan hannun swab. Ko da wane abu aka yi amfani da shi, ba za a iya ƙara ƙarin calcium alginate ba; sandunan katako ko sandunan bamboo. A takaice, swab ɗin samfurin ya kamata ya tabbatar da adadin samfurin da adadin sakin, kuma kayan da aka zaɓa ba za su kasance suna da abubuwan da ke shafar gwaji na gaba ba.
2. Maganin kiyaye ƙwayoyin cuta: Akwai nau'ikan maganin kiyaye ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu da ake amfani da su sosai a kasuwa, ɗaya maganin kula da ƙwayoyin cuta ne da aka gyara bisa ga hanyar sufuri, ɗayan kuma maganin da aka gyara don cire ƙwayoyin cuta na nucleic acid lysate.
Babban sinadarin da ke cikin wannan sinadarin shine sinadarin Eagle's basic culture medium (MEM) ko kuma gishirin Hank mai daidaito, wanda aka ƙara masa gishiri, amino acid, bitamin, glucose da furotin da ake buƙata don kare ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan maganin ajiya yana amfani da gishirin sodium ja phenol a matsayin alama da mafita. Lokacin da ƙimar pH ta kai 6.6-8.0, maganin ruwan hoda ne. Ana ƙara sinadarin glucose, L-glutamine da furotin da ake buƙata a cikin maganin kiyayewa. Ana samar da furotin a cikin nau'in maganin shanu na tayi ko kuma albumin na jini na shanu, wanda zai iya daidaita harsashin furotin na ƙwayar cuta. Saboda maganin kiyayewa yana da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, yana taimakawa wajen kare ƙwayoyin cuta amma kuma yana da amfani ga ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan maganin kiyayewa ya gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta, zai ninka da yawa. Carbon dioxide a cikin metabolites ɗinsa zai sa maganin kiyayewa pH ya faɗi daga ruwan hoda Yana juya rawaya. Saboda haka, yawancin masana'antun sun ƙara sinadaran kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsarin su. Magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da aka ba da shawarar su ne penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin da polymyxin B. Ba a ba da shawarar Sodium azide da 2-methyl ba. Masu hana ƙwayoyin cuta kamar 4-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI) da 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMCI) saboda waɗannan abubuwan suna da tasiri kan amsawar PCR. Tunda samfurin da wannan maganin kiyayewa ya bayar a zahiri ƙwayar cuta ce mai rai, ana iya kiyaye asalin samfurin har zuwa mafi girman matsayi, kuma ana iya amfani da shi ba kawai don cirewa da gano ƙwayoyin cuta ba, har ma don noma da ware ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin da ake amfani da shi don ganowa, dole ne a yi aikin cire ƙwayoyin cuta da tsarkakewa bayan dakatar da aiki.
Wani nau'in maganin kiyayewa da aka shirya bisa ga lysate na cire sinadarin nucleic acid, manyan abubuwan da aka haɗa sune gishirin da aka daidaita, wakilin EDTA chelating, gishirin guanidine (kamar guanidine isothiocyanate, guanidine hydrochloride, da sauransu), anionic surfactant (kamar dodecane Sodium sulfate), cationic surfactants (kamar tetradecyltrimethylammonium oxalate), phenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, dithiothreitol (DTT), proteinase K da sauran abubuwan haɗin. Wannan maganin ajiya shine a raba kwayar cutar kai tsaye don sakin sinadarin nucleic acid da kuma kawar da RNase. Idan ana amfani da shi kawai don RT-PCR, ya fi dacewa, amma lysate na iya kashe kwayar cutar. Ba za a iya amfani da wannan nau'in samfurin don raba al'adun ƙwayoyin cuta ba.
Ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da sinadarin ion na ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi wajen magance ƙwayoyin cuta da gishirin EDTA (kamar dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, da sauransu), kuma ba a ba da shawarar a yi amfani da heparin (kamar sodium heparin, lithium heparin) ba, don kada ya shafi gano PCR.
3. Bututun Kariya: Ya kamata a zaɓi kayan da ke cikin bututun kiyayewa a hankali. Akwai bayanai da ke nuna cewa polypropylene (Polypropylene) yana da alaƙa da shaƙar sinadarin nucleic acid, musamman a lokacin da sinadarin ion mai ƙarfi ya yi yawa, polyethylene (Polyethylene) ya fi polypropylene (Polypropylene) kyau. DNA/RNA mai sauƙin fahimta. Plastik ɗin polyethylene-propylene polymer (Polyallomer) da wasu kwantena na filastik na polypropylene (Polypropylene) waɗanda aka sarrafa musamman sun fi dacewa da adana DNA/RNA. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin amfani da swab mai karyewa, bututun ajiya ya kamata ya yi ƙoƙarin zaɓar akwati mai tsayi fiye da 8 cm don hana abin da ke ciki ya fashe da gurɓata lokacin da swab ɗin ya karye.
4. Ruwan da ake amfani da shi wajen kiyayewa daga sinadarai: Ya kamata a tace ruwan da ake amfani da shi wajen kiyayewa daga sinadarai ta hanyar tacewa ta hanyar amfani da sinadarin ultrafiltration mai nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 13,000 domin tabbatar da cewa an cire dattin polymer daga tushen halittu, kamar RNase, DNase, da endotoxin, kuma ba a ba da shawarar a yi amfani da shi wajen tsarkakewa ba. Ruwa ko ruwan da aka tace.
2. Amfani da bututun ɗaukar samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta
Ana raba samfurin ta amfani da bututun ɗaukar samfurin ƙwayar cuta zuwa samfuran oropharyngeal da samfuran nasopharyngeal:
1. Samfurin Maganin Oropharyngeal: Da farko a danna harshe da na'urar rage harshe, sannan a miƙa kan sabulun da aka yi amfani da shi wajen ɗaukar samfurin zuwa makogwaro don goge tonsils na pharyngeal da bangon pharyngeal na baya, sannan a goge bangon pharyngeal na baya da ƙarfi mai sauƙi, a guji taɓa sashin harshe.
2. Sayen Nasopharyngeal: auna nisan daga ƙarshen hanci zuwa yankin kunne da swab sannan a yi alama da yatsa, a saka swab ɗin a cikin ramin hanci a gefen hancin tsaye (fuska), swab ɗin ya kamata ya miƙe aƙalla rabin tsawon yankin kunne zuwa ƙarshen hancin, a bar swab ɗin a cikin hanci na daƙiƙa 15-30, a hankali a juya sau 3-5, sannan a cire swab ɗin.
Ba shi da wahala a fahimta daga hanyar amfani da shi, ko swab ɗin oropharyngeal ne ko swab ɗin nasopharyngeal, ɗaukar samfurin aiki ne na fasaha, wanda yake da wahala kuma yana da gurɓatacce. Ingancin samfurin da aka tattara yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ganowa daga baya. Idan samfurin da aka tattara yana da ƙwayar cuta mai ƙarancin aiki, mai sauƙin haifar da rashin lafiya, yana da wahalar tabbatar da ganewar asali.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-21-2020
